As someone who has dealt with insomnia and DSPD for about 20 years, I can give some tips as I've learned a lot over the years. Before that, I did want to illustrate how rough sleeping is for me in case anyone can relate to this.
I cannot sleep before midnight, no matter what. Been this way since high school. Typically, i can only fall asleep after 1-2am.
I cannot sleep in rooms above ~68F or in any environment that isn't completely pitch black.
I cannot sleep with another person in the room or in strange/new environments. This includes hotels, airplanes, cars, and pretty much everything except my own bedroom.
I cannot sleep on an empty stomach
I cannot sleep after taking sleep "medication" or after drinking alcohol in any amount (failing to both fall asleep and stay asleep). To be clear, even under perfect conditions, these actually worsen my insomnia and I can't even pass out, let alone sleep.
I've had a number of absurd experiences that further highlight my struggles, here's 3 examples.
1: One summer I went 3 nights in a row without sleep. On the 4th day, I went to a waterpark, swimming and walking all day in the sun - my friends fell asleep in the car on the ride home, and I was wide awake.
2: Took a motorcycle trip on a hot summer day, riding for about 8 hours in the sun. No timezone change. First night in the hotel, I get about 30 minutes of sleep over the course of 12 hours. On day 2, I go on 12 mi hike and get back to the hotel and eat a big meal and have a good amount of time to wind down. Get about 1-2 hrs of sleep on the 2nd night because hotel.
3: Took a trip overseas. Between layover and airtime, total trip was 14 hours. Left at 5pm, arrived at destination at 7am. Zero sleep on plane. Spent entire day walking around outside, and in the evening I had several drinks and a heavy meal. Get home to hotel around 2am, and I cannot fall asleep until about 6am, at which point I get about 1 or 2 hrs of sleep. I proceed to spend the next 5 getting about 2hrs of sleep each night, with 0.0 minutes of sleep on the red eye flight back.
Many more examples like this, but you get the idea.
I have several bullet points I can discuss for optimizing sleep, some of these may not be relevant to you, but others might.
I cannot sleep before midnight, no matter what. Been this way since high school. Typically, i can only fall asleep after 1-2am.
I cannot sleep in rooms above ~68F or in any environment that isn't completely pitch black.
I cannot sleep with another person in the room or in strange/new environments. This includes hotels, airplanes, cars, and pretty much everything except my own bedroom.
I cannot sleep on an empty stomach
I cannot sleep after taking sleep "medication" or after drinking alcohol in any amount (failing to both fall asleep and stay asleep). To be clear, even under perfect conditions, these actually worsen my insomnia and I can't even pass out, let alone sleep.
I've had a number of absurd experiences that further highlight my struggles, here's 3 examples.
1: One summer I went 3 nights in a row without sleep. On the 4th day, I went to a waterpark, swimming and walking all day in the sun - my friends fell asleep in the car on the ride home, and I was wide awake.
2: Took a motorcycle trip on a hot summer day, riding for about 8 hours in the sun. No timezone change. First night in the hotel, I get about 30 minutes of sleep over the course of 12 hours. On day 2, I go on 12 mi hike and get back to the hotel and eat a big meal and have a good amount of time to wind down. Get about 1-2 hrs of sleep on the 2nd night because hotel.
3: Took a trip overseas. Between layover and airtime, total trip was 14 hours. Left at 5pm, arrived at destination at 7am. Zero sleep on plane. Spent entire day walking around outside, and in the evening I had several drinks and a heavy meal. Get home to hotel around 2am, and I cannot fall asleep until about 6am, at which point I get about 1 or 2 hrs of sleep. I proceed to spend the next 5 getting about 2hrs of sleep each night, with 0.0 minutes of sleep on the red eye flight back.
Many more examples like this, but you get the idea.
I have several bullet points I can discuss for optimizing sleep, some of these may not be relevant to you, but others might.
- Caffeine definitely effects sleep and probably more than you think. Usually I try to make my cutoff around 1 or 2pm if I want to be able to sleep in 12 hrs. Some people process caffeine much quicker, and may be able to get away with it later in the day. However, it can still effect your sleep quality even if you are able to fall asleep.
- Sedation is NOT sleep. Your brain is actually more active at sleep than it is during wakefulness. If you sedate yourself with drugs or alcohol, it's not real sleep. Don't do it. It goes without saying that alcohol is bad for sleep. You may find it helps you fall asleep, but it's likely you will wake up earlier than normal and have generally poor quality sleep. Same goes for any sleep drug - again, sedation is not sleep.
- Supplements: zinc, magnesium glycinate, apigenin, lemon balm, lavender, ashwagandha, 5-htp, and melatonin may prove usefulg, among others. I personally take zinc and magnesium glycinate regularly and sometimes lavender tea. I generally find melatonin to be underwhelming, but as of late I use a liquid dropper formula from life extension that seems to work magic. Make sure you keep the dose under 1mg. The standard dose confirmed in studies is 300mcg. Most melatonin is severely overdosed, sometimes as much as 10mg which is over 30x the optimal dose. Less is more.
- Blue light exposure: Blue light supresses melatonin and signals to your brain to stay awake irrespective of that. Use redshifting and light dimming software on your personal devices. For me, I redshift and dim all my screens about 3-4 hrs before bed.
- Darkness Turn off all your lights. Dim lighting is okay. Do not watch TV (unless you can redshift/dim it) and do not leave any bright lights on. Use blackout curtains or a good quality sleep mask; I use both.
- Keep your home cooled. It's been proven that cold temps signal the body to sleep. I think studies show high 60s are ideal, personally I enjoy high 50s or low 60s though. I also sleep in minimal bedding in just my boxers
- Hot showers before bed relax the body and reduces body temperature afterwards, which directly signals to your body to prepare for sleep. A hot bath with magnesium salts (epsom salts) is even better. A sauna may work for this too.
- Your bed and pillows and bedding don't need to be fancy or expensive. Just use whatever you like.
- Sunlight is imporant. Try to get outside after waking up, and around sunset. This helps your circadian rhythm function properly. I do not know how this works for early risers who wake up before dawn - but probably is still best for your eyes to get exposed to bright light, if not from the sun from an artificial source.
- Food. This one is subjective. But the idea that eating late at night can cause health problems/weight gain is largely nonsense. I find eating a light meal about 2 hrs before bed helps a lot, like a healthy cereal. Do whatever works for you and ignore whatever people may tell you.
- Don't sleep with your phone in your bedroom. I'm not sure of this one applies to others, but I find my sleep is significantly better if I leave my phone in another room. I use a basic digital alarm clock instead.
- Psychological routines: This one is more complex and has a lot to it. Develop a "wind down" activity such as reading or listening to podcasts, lectures, audiobooks, whatever, and do it outside of your room. Do not go to bed until you are actually ready to fall asleep. You will begin to associate your bed with sleep, and your chair/couch/etc with relaxation. Generally it's a bad idea to read in bed, though some people seem to make it work. If you cannot sleep do not stay in bed, get up and do something light until you feel sleepy again.
- If anyone has DSPD, you should base all your life decisions around your natural sleep-wake times (chronotypes). To address my DSPD, I refuse to work any jobs that start earlier than 10am. Non negotiable for me. One solution is to working remote jobs based out of a different time zone.
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