What does the Bible really teach on the subject? I searched this forum and found references to very old canon. It was not really helpful to me.
Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so.
And I say unto you, whosoever shall put away his wife, except it be for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery.
Notice how in the last sentence
Jesus does not implicitly permit divorce, he just points out two instances of how a man can become an adulterer.
I don't want to be like a Pharisee who misinterprets the law to suit his needs, what I took from the above Bible quote, is that a man who puts away his wife for fornication, and marries another, does not commit adultery, which in itself does not mean he is permitted to marry again, for the adultery committed by his first wife does not invalidate their marriage, and you cannot have two wives running around. Could it be because if you are one flesh, and she's defiled this union already, you cannot damage it further, this adulterous marriage? After all, Jesus indicated earlier that putting away your wife wasn't allowed in the beginning, without any specifics.
To support my reasoning, this is taken from the teaching Jesus gave in the Sermon on the Mount:
It hath been said, Whosoever shall put away his wife, let him give her a writing of divorcement: But I say unto you, that whosoever shall put away his wife, saving for the cause of fornication, causeth her to commit adultery: and whosoever shall marry her that is divorced committeth adultery.
So what we have is:
1. If you divorce your wife because of her fornication, then you don't cause her to commit adultery.
This is obvious, she's caused it herself. In no way does this observation (statement of fact) mean you're free to marry again.
2. If you divorce your wife for any other reason, you become the cause of her committing of adultery.
If you divorce her and she later decides to find somebody else, you have been the cause of her sin. This too, illustrates how your wife becomes an adulteress. Again, this statement alone says nothing about the permissibility of divorce.
3. A man marrying any divorced woman, commits adultery.
Marrying a divorced woman- guilty of fornication or not- is adultery. A warning not to sin by marrying any female divorcees.
The Catholic Church permits separation if the couple can't get along anymore. Aside from maintaining a sense of family for the kids, they could possibly work something out as far as sex goes, unless they totally can't stand each other.
In a normal world, only the assets acquired after marriage would be subject to division in a divorce case, unless there's been a prenuptial agreement stating otherwise.